There are different types of options: options per se, conditional contracts, and offers with consideration not to revoke. These are set out in Laybutt v Amoco. The different types of options have different legal and taxation effect, in particular with Stamp Duty. Dr....
The Whiting formulation and the Harmer formulation are widely relied upon in determining whether there is present entitlement to the income of a trust. However, there are problems with both of these formulations and this puts in issue common understandings of present...